<p lang="en-US" align="LEFT">The cerebellum is the hindbrain structure that is connected to the brainstem by fibers that carry information into and out of its interior. The main function of the cerebellum is coordinating movement and planning motor activity (balance, muscle tension, joint position, and coordinated movements). It is folded, like the cortex, which gives it high information processing power.&nbsp;</p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT">Eighty percent of the brain’s neurons are in the cerebellum (Herculano-Houzel, 2010) and emerging literature (Schmahmann, 1997; 1998, 2000; Teicher, Anderson, &amp; Polcari, 2012; Levin, 2009) suggests that the cerebellum plays a significant role in regulating the cerebrum, both cortically and sub-cortically. This is the part of the brain that remembers how to ride a bike, and remembers being rocked by mother.</p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT">The cerebellum has strong connections with the brainstem and is situated behind the brainstem (inside the skull) in humans. Because the cerebellum is a simpler form of cortex, it consists of only three layers&nbsp; (as opposed to the more evolved cerebral cortex, which has six layers). Parts of the cerebellum are quite old in the evolutionary sense, and parts are relatively newer. This “little brain” is involved in motor coordination and also in the planning of movements. The cerebellum is involved with motor control and is part of the motor system, inﬂuencing posture, gait, and voluntary movements. Many of the connections to the cerebellum, including pathways and nuclei, are found in the brainstem.</p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT"><br></p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/cerebellum.png" alt="Cerebellum" width="497" height="399" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT" style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p lang="en-US" align="LEFT">According to Sebern Fisher (2014), Babies and young children learn through their senses and the integration of sensory input. Sensory integration is the province of the parietal cortex and the cerebellum . . . . the development of the infant’s cerebellum depends mostly on the security, consistency, and rhythmicity of his parents’ holding. When there is a history of significant neglect, the mother does not hold her infant with intentionality or feeling. Many in fact report never having been rocked or held, activities which promote the development of the cerebellum (22). Some folks comment that they feel an emptiness at the back of their head, where a loving hand would normally cradle the baby (22).</p>