<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gUzTE_sG2eQ" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><p>Seizures and epileptogenic content is the wheelhouse of neurology, however EEG is the main modality used to study and understand seizure and, because of this, it is an important education for neurotherapists.&nbsp;</p>
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    </p><div>A seizure is a <u>transient</u> symptom and or sign that is produced by abnormal, paroxysmal, and disorderly neuronal discharges in the brain.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">Paroxysmal&nbsp;attacks
or&nbsp;paroxysms&nbsp;(from
Greek παροξυσμός)
are a sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms, such as a spasm or
seizure. These short, frequent symptoms can be observed in various clinical
conditions.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">A seizure is an “ictal” event.
Inter-ictal is what occurs between seizures. Post-ictal is the time just after
the seizure.</span></div>
    <div><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></div>
    <div><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><div>Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the
brain characterized by recurrent (two or more) seizures unprovoked by any
immediate identified cause and is sometimes called a seizure disorder.&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">Often the cause of epilepsy is idiopathic
– unknown and not associated with neurological abnormalities.</span></div>
    <div><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></div>
    <div><span style="font-size: 1rem;">There are many kinds of seizures, here is a list of all the types:</span></div><div><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><div><ul><li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Status Epilepticus</span></li><li>Psychogenic Seizures</li><li>Unclassified Epileptic Seizures</li><li>Generalized Seizures (convulsive
or non-convulsive)</li><li>Absence
Seizures (typical or atypical)</li><li>Myoclonic
Seizures</li><li>Clonic
Seizures</li><li>Tonic
Seizure</li><li>Tonic-clonic
seizures</li><li>Atonic
Seizures</li><li>Partial&nbsp;</li><li>Simple
Partial Seizures</li><li>Complex
Partial Seizures</li><li>Partial
Seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures</li></ul></div>

























<div><br></div><h3>Research on Epilepsy</h3></span></div>
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    </div>
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<p>Sterman &amp; Egner (2006) published a comprehensive review of earlier key studies regarding this disorder. The first single-case study was reported in 1972 (Sterman &amp; Friar, 1972). Sterman observed that, on average, 80% of patients who entrained sensory motor rhythm (12 - 15Hz) amplitudes displayed significant clinical improvements (Kaplan, 1975; Seifert &amp; Lubar, 1975; Sterman, MacDonald, &amp; Stone, 1974). These results were achieved in a difficult subgroup of epilepsy patients who had been unresponsive to pharmacological treatment. In addition, a number of investigations employing ABA crossover designs emphasized the causal and frequency-specific nature of SMR training by documenting symptom reversal when reversing
    training contingencies (Lubar &amp; Bahler, 1976; Lubar et al., 1981; Sterman &amp; MacDonald, 1978).<br></p>