The first item of importance is understanding what the Electroencephalogram is, in a general sense.&nbsp;<br>Here is a very basic explainer video of what an EEG is:<br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZcKT4l_JZk">Basic EEG Video</a><br>Here is
a brief video that covers some fundamentals. Details of what's covered here will be further described&nbsp; in the lessons to come.<br><br><a href="https://youtu.be/86zIa3pGM50">Fundamentals of EEG</a><br><br>
<p>There are several software programs that will allow you to collect 19+ channel EEG data. A few of them include EEGStudio, Neuroguide, and NeuroField. This section will cover two platforms for recording EEG: NeuroField and Neuroguide.</p><br>
<h3><b>The 10–20 System and Electrode Placement</b></h3>
<p><span><span>To begin, we first cap up. At present (2019), caps with electrodes placed using the international 10-20 system are popular in clinical neurotherapy. The 10-20 system is an internationally recognized way of placing electrodes on a head that is replicable and verified scientifically. The electrodes pick up the EEG from the cerebral cortex underneath the electrode location.</span></span>
</p>
<p><span><span><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/10-20%20cap.png" alt="10-20 cap" width="500" height="456" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_left"><br></span></span>
</p><br>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b><br></b></p>
<p><b>See in this short videos the process of capping in EEG Acquisition.</b><span style="font-size: 1rem; text-align: center;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/695265616?h=1eeb6f126b&amp;badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Capping_Shane (1).mp4"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>
    <p style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
        <p><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The “10” and “20” refer to the distances between electrodes, which are either 10% or 20% of the total diameter or radius (transverse and sagittal) of the skull (Figure 1a). The landmarks that are used sagittal are the nasion (the depressed area between
        the eyes on the ridge of the nose) and the inion (the bump at the back of the skull, which can be felt with mild palpitation); landmarks that are used transversely (aka coronally) are the ears (often the tragus of the ear) (Figure 1b).</span></p>
        <ol>
            <br>
            <div style="text-align: center; "><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/electrode-placement.png" alt="Figure 1b: The locations of the nasion, inion, and tragus points for measurement purposes." width="600" height="570" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_middle"></div>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i>Figure 1a. The International 10-20 system of electrode placements.</i></p>
            <p style="text-align: center;"><br></p>
            <div style="text-align: center; "><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/tragus-points.png" alt="Figure 1b: The locations of the nasion, inion, and tragus points for measurement purposes." width="600" height="350" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_middle"></div>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i>Figure 1b: The locations of the nasion, inion, and tragus points for measurement purposes.</i></p>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i><br></i></p>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/Landmarks%20on%20the%20head.jpg" alt="Landmarks on the Head" width="598" height="502" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_left"><br></i></p>
            <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;">On an EEG cap there are 19 active electrodes, two reference ear electrodes, and one ground electrode.</span></p>
                <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><br></span></p>
        </ol>
        <ol style="text-align: center;"><br></ol>
        <ol style="text-align: center;"><br></ol>
        <ol style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/EEG%2019%20CH%20CAP.jpg" alt="19 Channel EEG Cap" width="300" height="204" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_middle"></ol>
        <ol>The above image is of a 19 channel cap and the below image is of a 64 channel cap. The more electrodes in a cap the higher spatial resolution of the EEG findings.&nbsp;</ol>
        <ol style="text-align: center; "><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/32%20channel%20cap.jpg" alt="64 channel cap" width="300" height="208" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_middle"><br></ol>
        <ol><br>
            <h5><b>Electrode Labels</b></h5>
            <p>Each electrode is labeled by a letter or pair of letters.<img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/Electrode%20labels.jpg" alt="Electrode Labels" width="728" height="493" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom" style="font-size: 1rem;"></p>
            <br>
            <p>We will reference 19 channel placements because this, as of 2020, is the most commonly used electrode arrangement in the field of neurotherapy.&nbsp;</p>
            <p>In a 19-channel placement, there are 19 electrodes, the ground, and the reference electrodes (Figure 1c). In a 32, 64, or 128 channel system, there are more electrode names. The additional electrodes are initially placed between the 20% marks
                and are of the “Modified Combinatorial Nomenclature” (MCN) system (Figure 1d). The MCN system adds the following acronyms to designate areas (FC, FT, AF, TP, CP). The MCN system also renames four electrodes in the 10-20 system:</p>
            <ul>
                <li>T3 becomes T7</li>
                <li>T4 becomes T8</li>
                <li>T5 becomes P7</li>
                <li>T6 becomes P8</li>
            </ul>
            <br>
            <p>Even numbered electrodes (2, 4, 6, 8) are on the right hemisphere of the head and odd numbered electrodes (1, 3, 5, 7) are on the left hemisphere of the head.</p>
            <p>A1 and A2 refer to the ear references and M1 and M2 refer to mastoid references.</p>
            <br>
            <div style="text-align: center; "><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/inion.png" alt="" width="600" height="473" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"></div>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i>Figure 1c: 19 active electrodes and reference electrodes (A1 and A2).</i></p>
            <p style="text-align: center;"><br></p>
            <div style="text-align: center; "><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/mnc-system.png" alt="" width="600" height="567" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_middle"></div>
            <p style="text-align: center; "><i>Figure 1d: The electrodes active in the MCN System</i></p>
        </ol>
        <p><br></p>