<b>AEDs used for multiple pathologies</b>
<br>Barbiturates (ending in “barbitol”) are a class of drugs that were used extensively in the 1960s and 1970s as a treatment for&nbsp;anxiety,&nbsp;insomnia, and seizure disorders. Apart from a few specific indications, they are not commonly prescribed these days, having been largely superseded by benzodiazepines.
<br><br><i><b>Effects</b></i>
<br>In barbituates, high amplitude rhythmic 18 to 26 Hz activity is noted, initially frontally, spreading with time to the entire cortex. With increased dose there is an increase in slowing, with further increases the faster activity is decreased and the slowing predominates, progressing to a decreased voltage and even a recoverable iso-electric pattern, in <u>barbiturate coma</u>.
<br><br><ul><ul><li>Low voltage recording</li><li>Electro cerebal inactivity</li><li>Higher amplitude beta 1 and 2 bandwidth</li><li>Diffuse slowing</li></ul>


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Benzodiazepines</b>
<br>Benzos cause mild to severe depression of the nerves within the brain (central nervous system) and sedation (drowsiness). Benzodiazepines are a class of agents that work in the central nervous system and are used for a variety of medical conditions. They act on specific receptors in the brain, called gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptors. Benzodiazepines attach to these receptors and make the nerves in the brain less sensitive to stimulation, which has a calming effect.
<br><br><ul><ul><li>Diazepam</li><li>Alprazolam “Xanax”</li><li>Librium</li><li>Clonazepam “klonopin”</li><li>Valium</li></ul>



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Benzodiazepines produce a spindling 18-25Hz pattern
<br><br>Sometimes more pronounced in the front of the head, but the pattern can be seen globally
<br><br>Dosing and systemic vascularity of the being will alter the expression of how the drug will appear
<br><br>INSERT BENZO VIDEO HERE