<p>Sequential references (commonly termed “bipolar”) are those that we see in the transverse bi-polar and longitudinal transverse bi-polar montage. Sequential montages (such as transverse or longitudinal transverse, are often used in neurology practices
    to determine the location of any focal findings in the EEG. This is seen with “phase reversals’ in the EEG, where two electrodes seem to “point” to one another (i.e. one line moves eletro-negative and the one next to it moves electro-positive.&nbsp;
    This is a marker of a physical abnormality and can point to the seizure focus, a lesion, hypoperfusion, localized infarct (a small localized area of dead tissue), or white matter ischemia. This is an “X marks the spot” type of finding. You can determine
    the site of the finding based upon the shared electrode between the two pairs. Phase reversals are relevant in slow frequencies (typically 8Hz and under).<br></p>
<p><br></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/banana-montage.png" alt="Phase Reversals located at T5 in a double banana montage" width="418" height="722" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Phase Reversals located at T5 in a double banana montage<br></p>
    <p style="text-align: center;"><br></p>
    <p style="text-align: left;">When there is a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the area, there is often a consequential slowing of alpha at the area. As the area degrades, sometimes the alpha slows considerably below the band. But this depends on how severe the ischemia is (Classen
        and Foreman, 2012). The previous figure shows that we have a left posterior temporal change that may be due to an ischemia. This type of finding can be due to a trauma, a vascular anomaly, an aneurism or structural anomaly.<br></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/408145737" width="640" height="399" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p>
<p style="text-align: center;">Video of localization of ischemia via identifying phase reversals in a bipolar montage</p>

    <p style="text-align: center;"><br></p>
    <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/bi-polar-montage.png" alt="Transverse Bi-Polar Montage" width="835" height="767" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p>
    <p style="text-align: center;">Transverse Bi-Polar Montage<br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/bi-polar-montage-longitudinal.png" alt="Longitudinal Bi-Polar Montage (aka “double banana montage”)" width="683" height="610" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;">Longitudinal Bi-Polar Montage (aka “double banana montage”)<br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/double-banana-montage.png" alt="Double Banana Montage" width="548" height="383" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;">Double Banana Montage<br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p>