<p>The Othmer method (can be found at eeginfo.com) is recommended for intractable brain based disorders of childhood, such as seizures, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder, spectrum based disorders, pervasive developmental delays, cerebral palsy, birth trauma, and acquired birth injuries.&nbsp; Their device is an amplifier, and they rely exclusively on bipolar montages.&nbsp;</p><p>Building primarily on the work of Sterman, they developed a basic and reliable approach to neurofeedback that does not utilize brain mapping. Much of their early techniques involve balancing left and right hemispheres with respect to levels of arousal (1999).</p><p>The Othmers now largely proffer&nbsp; a new paradigm called Infra-low Frequency Training that involves training sub-delta frequencies that are actually slow shifts in dc brain potentials. This method involves training in frequency ranges of .0003 Hz or lower. Despite considerable controversy over whether present day amplifiers are actually capable of accurately providing data on such low frequencies, the Othmers claim that they have modified their amplifiers to achieve this feat. These slow frequencies are thought to be base frequencies of the EEG, also considered frequencies of hemodynamics—or the burning of blood glucose. A large number of clinicians have adopted this approach. It has gained recognition among clinicians for being very effective, especially in developmentally challenged children. Mark Smith has adopted a more conservative approach with this paradigm by building on more accepted frequency ranges of .001-.003 Hz or higher that can be easily measured with modern amplifiers.&nbsp;</p>