<p></p><p>The basic division of each of the hemispheres is into four lobes:
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. Two prominent ﬁssures allow this
subdivision to be made — the central ﬁssure and the lateral ﬁssure.</p><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/Lobes.png" alt="Lobes" width="557" height="368" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br><p></p><p></p><h2><a name="_Toc28940412">Pre-Frontal Cortex</a></h2>

<p>&nbsp;The prefrontal cortex <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10559553" target="_blank">makes up over
10% of the volume of the brain</a>, The PFC contains the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodmann_area" title="Brodmann area">Brodmann areas 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 24, 25, 44, 46 and 47. </a><sup>&nbsp;</sup>This brain
region has been implicated in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">planning complex cognitive behavior</a>, personality expression,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making" title="Decision making">decision making</a>, moderating
social behavior, and <img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/PFC.png" alt="PFC" width="306" height="242" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom">moderating certain aspects of speech and
language.&nbsp;The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration
of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.<sup> </sup>The most
typical&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a>&nbsp;term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex
area is&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_system" title="Executive system">executive function</a>. Executive function relates to
abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad,
better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities,
working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on
actions, and social "control" (the ability to suppress urges that, if
not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes). Patients with
prefrontal cortex damage can experience blunted emotional responses, which may
be another factor that negatively affects their ability to make decisions.</p><p><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/Frontal%20Lobes.png" alt="Frontal Lobes" width="500" height="425" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p><p>Frontal lobes have the ability to regulate eye movement this is
visual accommodation and convergence, the ability of the eyes to go left and
right and focus and read.&nbsp; There is a
physiological problem with ADD/ADHD kids—they have more difficulty keeping
their eyes still. </p><h3><a name="_Toc28940413">Dorso-Lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex</a></h3>

<p>Between
Brodmann areas 9, 10, 44 and 45 is the Dorso-Lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex
(DLPFC).<a name="_Hlk494097976"> This area </a><a name="_Hlk520354468">is the highest cortical area responsible for
motor planning, organization and regulation. It has an important role in the
integration of sensory and mnemonic information.</a></p><p><a name="_Hlk520354468"><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/DLPFC.jpg" alt="DLPFC" width="400" height="372" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></a></p>

<p>This area has cortical (surface)
and sub cortical (under the surface—white matter) circuits for complex mental
activity and executive functions. It plays a large role in executive memory
(working memory, spatial memory, and short term memory), memory retrieval and
encoding/recognition, as well as prospective memory, abstract thinking,
intentionality and motivation. </p>

<p>In addition, this area is responsible for error processing and
detection, processing emotional stimuli, self-reflection in decision making,
pleasant and unpleasant emotions, inferential reasoning, decision weighing
(conflict and reward), planning, and attribution of intention to others.</p>

<p>The sensory
responsibilities of the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex have to do with joint
attention and autonomic nervous system regulation. The&nbsp;autonomic nervous system&nbsp;(ANS&nbsp;or&nbsp;visceral nervous system&nbsp;or&nbsp;involuntary nervous system) is the part of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>&nbsp;that acts as a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system" title="Control system">control system</a>&nbsp;that functions largely below the
level of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>&nbsp;to control&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscera" title="Viscera">visceral</a>&nbsp;functions,&nbsp;including&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestion</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_rate" title="Respiratory rate">respiratory rate</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivation" title="Salivation">salivation</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">perspiration</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_dilation" title="Pupillary dilation">pupillary dilation</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micturition" title="Micturition">micturition</a>&nbsp;(urination),&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">sexual arousal</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing" title="Breathing">breathing</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowing" title="Swallowing">swallowing</a>. Most
autonomous functions are involuntary but they can often work in conjunction
with the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_nervous_system" title="Somatic nervous system">somatic nervous system</a>&nbsp;which provides voluntary control.</p><h2><a name="_Toc28940414">Sensory motor Cortex</a></h2>

<p>The sensory motor cortex registers sensation that is connected
with specific body parts or body functions. The motor strip is part of the
frontal lobe and is anterior to the sensory cortex, which is in the parietal
lobe. Collectively, the sensory motor cortex forms the central lobes of the brain.
The primary motor cortex is Brodmann area 4, which works with other motor areas
of the brain to plan and execute movements. The primary motor cortex receives
thalamic inputs from different cell bodies within the thalamus. The nerve
fibers that cast somatosensory information all over the body. &nbsp;The sensory motor cortex is made up of
Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.</p><img src="@@PLUGINFILE@@/CENTRAL%20LOBE.png" alt="CENTRAL LOBE" width="559" height="425" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br><p></p>