<p><img src="http://via.placeholder.com/600x260" alt="" width="600" height="260" role="presentation" class="img-responsive atto_image_button_text-bottom"><br></p><p><br></p><p>An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily affect, and in some instances completely eliminate, sensation.&nbsp;</p><p>Analgesics include acetaminophen, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone.</p><p></p><ul><ul><li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Tramadol is an opiate analgesic – one of the weaker opiate analgesics, it is used to treat moderate to moderate-severe pain.</span></li></ul></ul><p></p><p><b>Opiates&nbsp;</b></p><p>Opiates include tramadol, oxycodone, morphine,&nbsp; codeine, hydrocodone, dihydromorphine, pethidine</p><p>Effects include:</p><p><ul><ul><li>Slowing in the delta range</li><li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Greater alpha synchrony</span></li><li><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Burst suppression pattern in neonates&nbsp;</span></li><li>Enhancement of epileptiform activity</li></ul></ul></p><p>The below data is a patient with addiction to pain killers, namely tramadol, oxycontin, and hydrocodone. These medications are known for their addictive properties. Tramadol is an opiate that acts as an SNRI, which occupies a serotonin transporter in the thalamus. This drug can produce a spike wave discharge (giving rise to seizure), however the more common findings are less remarkable: greater alpha synchrony and somewhat heightened beta amplitudes.&nbsp;</p>